柑橘园柑橘小实蝇入侵扩散规律与危害动态模型研究

为了探索柑橘小实蝇入侵扩散与危害规律,提高其监测与防控水平,2008-2010年应用柑橘小实蝇专用性诱剂和诱捕器,在全市19个镇（街道）35个柑橘园建立监测点进行全市性入侵扩散分布普查;在古城伏龙柑橘园和市区水果市场建立2个系统监测点开展全年种群数量消长监测,结果表明柑橘小实蝇种群入侵扩散与时空分布呈塔型趋势,即以城区为中心,并呈向周边区域扩散蔓延趋势;全年种群时序数量变化主要呈单峰型曲线变化,一般于6月中下旬至7月上中旬初见性诱成虫,8月上旬形成增长拐点,9-10月形成数量高峰, 影响种群数量消长的主要因子有种群基数、气候和生境条件等,从而创建柑橘小实蝇基数（m6）与全年种群诱量（M）关系模型M=23.8339 m6+59.8003（n=6, r=0.9735**）、当旬虫口密度(mn)与其前3个月的旬平均气温(tn-9)关系模型mn=1.9248tn-9-14.88063（n=72, r=0.5123**）,以及柑橘挂果期成虫诱量（M）、有虫株率（R%）、有虫果率（P%）、每虫果幼虫量（N）等关系模型：R=0.3667M-1.2746（n=11, r=0.8901**）;P=0.0581R+0.3112（n=11, r=0.9649**）;N=0.6438P+0.9610（n=11, r=0.7000*）。应用柑橘小实蝇种群入侵扩散危害规律及其参数模型,可反映柑橘园柑橘小实蝇发生变化动态,可随旬作出预报和决策防治,这对提高其监测预警和持续控制具有重要指导意义。     

香蕉化肥农药减量化模式和配套技术研究

介绍了适宜珠三角地区的香蕉化肥农药减量化模式,并提出了香蕉平衡施肥、病虫草害综合治理、香蕉间作栽培、香蕉废弃茎叶循环利用等4方面的配套技术,模式与技术示范显示出良好的效果。     

A web-based intelligent disease-diagnosis system using a new fuzzy-logic based approach for drawing the inferences in crops

This paper suggests a new approach for providing intelligence in the system for diagnosis of diseases of the oilseed-crops. It reports the development of a web-based intelligent disease diagnosis system (WIDDS). The WIDDS is based on a new fuzzy logic approach. The approach is based on use of a rule-promotion methodology. This approach enables the drawing of inferences with the enhanced intelligence. The WIDDS also incorporates new features that improve the presently existing expert systems. The new features are (i) object-oriented (O-O) inference model, (ii) dynamic knowledge base creation strategy. The dynamically promoted rules are derived from those diagnosis sessions, which resulted in successful decisions. This enables more efficient decision-making in the future sessions, (iii) audio-visual-graphical user interface using text-to-speech (TTS) conversion tools. The WIDDS results in decreasing not only the number of interactive question-answer sessions with the clients but also leads to acceptable diagnosis. Further, the inferences are drawn faster compared to the traditional approach, which is the expert based reasoning method. The suggested WIDDS, which is based on rule-promotion approach, has been tested for three oilseeds crops - soybean, groundnut and rapeseed-mustard.     

Linking models for assessing agricultural land use change

The ex-ante assessment of the likely impacts of policy changes and technological innovations on agriculture can provide insight into policy effects on land use and other resources and inform discussion on the desirability of such changes. Integrated assessment and modeling (IAM) is an approach that can be used for ex-ante assessment. It may combine several quantitative models representing different processes and scales into a framework for integrated assessment to allow for multi scale analysis of environmental, economic and social issues. IAM is a challenging task as models from different disciplines have a different representation of data, space and time. The aim of this paper is to describe our strategy to conceptually, semantically and technically integrate a chain of models from different domains to assess land use changes. The models that were linked are based on different modeling techniques (e.g. optimization, simulation, estimation) and operate on different time and spatial scales. The conceptual integration to ensure consistent linkage of simulated processes and scales required modelers representing the different models to clarify the data exchanged and interlinking of modeling methodologies across scales. For semantic integration, ontologies provided a way to rigorously define conceptualizations that can be easily shared between various disciplines. Finally, for technical integration, OpenMI was used and supplemented with the information from ontologies. In our case, explicitly tackling the challenge of semantic, conceptual and technical integration of models forced researchers to clarify the assumptions of their model interfaces, which helped to document the model linkage and to efficiently run models together. The linked models can now easily be used for integrated assessments of policy changes, technological innovations and societal and biophysical changes.     

基于GMM的黄瓜病害图像建模

通过对黄瓜病害图像的准确分析,有效提取了图像的底层特征,建立了8种常见黄瓜病害的高斯混合模型（Gaussian Mixture Model,GMM）,并利用最大期望算法（Expectation-Maximization,EM）估计GMM的参数,精确描述了8种黄瓜病害的特征分布,从而提高了对黄瓜病害的正确识别和为害情况的准确把握,为实现黄瓜病害的实时与准确的预测和防治提供了理论依据。     

高职林业技术专业“校企合作·工学结合”人才培养模式的实现途径研究

为适应当前林业生产目标的转变,现代高新技术在林业行业的应用,高职林业技术专业学生就业的主要渠道为中小型企业与民营企业的趋势,探讨了人才培养模式改革。其改革的主要措施为：构建以必需、够用为度,掌握概念、强化应用为重点,培养学生职业能力和职业素质为主的课程体系;配置＂校企合作、工学结合＂的实践教学条件和专兼结合师资队伍,开发＂校企合作、工学结合＂的项目化教材,建立保障＂校企合作、工学结合＂人才培养模式运行的机制。     

基于马尔柯夫模型的南宁市土地利用变化预测

根据1995~2000年南宁市土地利用变更数据,计算得到南宁市全市土地利用结构的转移概率矩阵,运用Markov理论,模拟并检验2000年全市的土地利用结构,模拟值与实际值基本吻合,说明运用Markov理论预测南宁市的土地利用结构是可行的。在此基础上对南宁市2005、2010、2015和2020年的土地利用结构变化作预测。结果表明,在未来20年内,南宁市的农用地面积有所减少,园地增幅较大,林地面积减少;建设用地增长较快;未利用地减少,土地利用率提高。     

产业集群理论下特色农产品区域品牌模式——以云南红河哈尼族彝族自治州为例

对国内外关于产业集群和区域品牌相关文献进行归纳概述,结合云南省红河哈尼族彝族自治州特色农产品产业集群和区域品牌建设的现状,提出了特色农产品区域品牌塑造模式,并就关于有效实现农产品区域品牌模式提出了自己的看法,以达到指导和促进我国特色农产品区域品牌发展的目的。     

土地利用和土地覆盖变化研究综述

LUCC是现今研究的热点和前沿课题,与其相关的跨学科研究正成为一种趋势。文章从LUCC的发展过程、驱动力、LUCC模型和其与水文效应之闾的关系4个方面简要概述了国内LUCC的研究现状,让人们对该领域的研究有比较全面的认识和了解。以期为土地利用／覆盖变化研究领域的后续研究或者跨学科研究提供参考。     

大型动物标本剥制术

主要介绍大型标本剥制的先进技术及工艺,详细论述了剥制的前期科学研究工作,数据的多次测量方法,皮张鞣制技术,模型制作及应用等一系列程序。